The clinical history, vaccination status and whether samples were submitted for paired MATs were unfamiliar

The clinical history, vaccination status and whether samples were submitted for paired MATs were unfamiliar. highest seroprevalence (38.0%; 95%CI 28.9C47.1) followed by South (29.4%; 95%CI 20.1C38.8), Center (28.6%; WZ3146 95%CI 24.3C33.0), Mediterranean (22.3%; 95%CI 19.1C25.6) and Northwest (22.2%; 95%CI 7.9C36.4). Seropositivity (MAT 1:100) was most common to serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae (19.4%; 95%CI 17.2C21.5) and Bratislava (8.5%; 95%CI 7.0C10.0), followed by Grippotyphosa (7.2%; 95%CI 5.8C8.6), Australis (6.4%; 95%CI 5.0C7.7), Autumnalis (5.0%; 95%CI 3.8C6.2), Pomona (4.5%; 95%CI 3.3C5.6), Canicola (3.4%; 95%CI 2.4C4.4) and Saxkoebing (0.8%; 95%CI 0.3C1.3). An association was found between positivity (MAT 1:100) and males (P = 0.003) and dogs that were 6 years old or older were at higher risk of exposure (P = 0.001; OR 4.61; 95%CI 1.86C11.43). This study has shown that dogs in Spain are commonly exposed to illness and points out the need to control the prevalence of this severe common zoonosis in dogs and humans. serovars Canicola and Icterohaemorragiae, although since 2012 vaccines also include serovar Bratislava and serovar Grippotyphosa (Klaasen et?al., 2013). The pace of use of these vaccines has not been explained in Spain, however multiple positive titers in MAT to vaccine serovars could be an indication of recent vaccination. In contrast to other European countries, there have been limited canine seroprevalence studies in Spain. In dogs, prevalence data is definitely available for two regions of Spain; Andalusia with 35.7% (Milln et?al., 2009) and Comunidad Valenciana with 19.8% (Benito et?al., 2005). Furthermore, serovars were only identified in Andalusia by indirect microscopic agglutination test (MAT), regarded as 1:100 the cut-point to positive sera, detecting Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Australis (Milln et?al., 2009). A recent meta-analysis study recognized being male sex and an urban dogs as major risks factors for leptospirosis (Azcar-Aedo and Monti, 2016). Puppy ownership has also been identified as a risk element for human being leptospirosis in Nicaragua (Trevejo et?al., 1998), Barbados (Douglin et?al., 1997) and Germany (Jansen et?al., 2005) suggesting transmission of spp. from dogs to humans. WZ3146 Dogs could serve as an important sentinel specie for human being illness, as well as indication of the presence of leptospires in specific environments (Ghneim et?al., 2007; Major et?al., 2014; Schuller et?al., 2015a). The seeks of this study were: 1) to determine the seroprevalence of anti-serum antibody in owned dogs from Spain; 2) to know the most common canine serovars and if there is any connection between the region and serovars; and 3) to determine if geographic area, time of year, age and sex could be risk factors for exposure to pathogenic leptospires in dogs. 2.?Material and methods A cross-sectional study design was used to determine the prevalence of antibodies against numerous serovars in owned dogs from Spain. Sampling was carried out by convenience with serological canine leptospirosis MAT results in Spain obtained through an agreement with IDEXX Laboratories (Ludwisburg). The results of 1,310 individual checks were from the proprietary database. The clinical history, vaccination status and whether samples were submitted for combined MATs were unknown. All MAT results for Hhex checks carried out from January 2015 to July 2017 were included. The laboratory is definitely accredited relating to ISO 17025 and regularly participates in the International Leptospirosis Society MAT Proficiency Screening Scheme. Source of cultures was the national reference laboratory (NRL) for leptospirosis (Bundesinstitut fr Risikobewertung, BfR). MAT was performed relating to OIE requirements (Office International des Epizooties OIE, 2008). Samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to a panel of 8 serovars (Table?1). Dogs tested against the eight serovars with zip code of source and times of the test carried out, were eligible for inclusion. MAT positivity was defined as positive reaction to at least one serovar included in the 8 WZ3146 serovars panel at reciprocal titers of 1 1:100 (ALL 100) or 1:400 (ALL 400). Two instead of one cut-off titers were chosen in the absence of a consensus to what represents an ideal cut-off.